hard
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adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的
adv. 努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地
n. (Hard)人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德
adj.
困难的；硬的；有力的；努力的
adv.
努力地；猛力地；严重地；沉重地
n.
英〉硬海滩，登陆处；
双语释义
adj.(形容词)硬的,坚实的,坚固的 not soft or yielding to the touch or easily cut; solid; firm
难做的,难懂的,难答的,困难的 difficult to do or understand or answer; not easy
[A]辛苦的,努力的 showing much effort; energetic
(天气)凛冽的 (of the weather) severe
硬心肠的,冷酷无情的,严厉的 unfeeling; unsympathetic; harsh
adv.(副词)努力地 with great effort, energy or concentration; strenuously; intently
艰难地 with difficulty; with a struggle
严重地,猛烈地 severely; heavily
英英释义
hard
adj.
not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure
"why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?"
同义词：difficult
dispassionate
"took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer"
resisting weight or pressure
very strong or vigorous
"a hard left to the chin"
同义词：knockoutsevere
characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort
"hard labor"
同义词：arduousbackbreakinggruelinggruellingheavylaboriousoperosepunishingtoilsome
produced without vibration of the vocal cords
同义词：unvoicedvoicelesssurd
(of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source
同义词：concentrated
(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum
"Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants"
given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors
"a hard drinker"
同义词：intemperateheavy
being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content
"hard liquor"
同义词：strong
unfortunate or hard to bear
"had hard luck"
同义词：tough
dried out
"hard dry rolls left over from the day before"
adv.
with effort or force or vigor
"the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
with firmness
"held hard to the railing"
同义词：firmly
earnestly or intently
"thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"
causing great damage or hardship
"industries hit hard by the depression"
同义词：severely
slowly and with difficulty
"prejudices die hard"
indulging excessively
同义词：heavilyintemperately
into a solid condition
"concrete that sets hard within a few hours"
very near or close in space or time
"it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plant's opening"
with pain or distress or bitterness
"he took the rejection very hard"
to the full extent possible; all the way
"hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
词汇搭配
用作形容词 (adj.)
～+名词
hard bargain大肆讨价还价
hard customer挑剔的顾客
hard face难看的脸
hard heart铁石心肠
hard job艰苦的工作
hard knot死结
hard life艰苦的生活
hard liquor烈性酒
hard nut硬果,难题
hard storm强烈的暴风雨
hard time艰难的时刻
hard worker勤奋的工人
hard feelings恶感,对立情绪
hard money硬币
hard voice难听的声音
hard water硬水
hard way比较艰难的路,比较困难的方式
hard wood硬木
hard work艰苦的工作
～+动词不定式
hard to bear难以忍受
hard to break难改
hard to explain难以说清楚
hard to finish难以完成
hard to please难以取悦
hard to understand难懂
～+介词
hard of hearing重听
hard of heart心肠硬
hard on sb对某人严厉
hard upon eighty快80岁了
词组短语
hard work努力工作；繁重的工作
work hard努力学习；辛勤工作
study hard努力学习
working hard努力工作
hard on严厉对待
hard disk硬盘
try hard adj. 努力
hard working勤奋的；努力工作的
hard time艰难的日子；艰难时刻；艰难时事
hard alloy硬质合金
hard drive（电脑）硬盘驱动器
hard rock重摇滚；剧烈摇滚乐；硬质岩石
hard by在近处
hard to say很难说
the hard way艰难地；避易就难地
play hard行为卑鄙；不择手段
work hard at努力工作（学习）
have a hard time度过困难时刻；过得困难；步履艰难
hard copy硬拷贝；复印件
hard to reach难以到达
同近义词辨析
difficult, hard这组词都有“困难”的意思，其区别是：
difficult比hard较为正式，侧重需要特别的能力、智力、判断力、技巧或勇气才能克服障碍。也可指深奥或抽象的难题。
hard含义广，通俗用词，与easy相对，泛指任何难理解，不好处理或不易做的事。
hardly, hardhardly 几乎不 I can hardly believe it.
hard 努力, work hard
solid, firm, hard这组词都有“坚定的，结实的”的意思，其区别是：
solid着重质地紧密、坚实和无间隙，含有在外部压力下仍可保持原有形状的意味。
firm侧重指质地坚硬、不易切割或有弹性，一旦变形会很快恢复原形。
hard侧重有抗拒压力或拉力的性质，但不一定有弹性。
双语例句
用作形容词(adj.)
The ground is as hard as stone after the long drought.
长期干旱之后,土地硬得就像石头一样。
It's very hard to maintain a relationship.
要维持一段关系,是很困难的。
It's very hard on parents when their children are rebellious.
对父母来说,孩子叛逆是个很棘手的问题。
He likes to pretend he is hard, but he is really soft underneath.
他喜欢故作坚强,但是他内心真的很脆弱。
She has really good looks but a hard heart.
她确实长得漂亮,可是却有一颗残酷的心。
He gave the door a hard shove and it opened.
他猛地一推门,门开了。
I don't want to go out in such hard weather.
我不想在这么冷的天气里出门。
We need some hard evidence to support our claim.
我们需要一些确凿的证据来支持我们的主张。
用作副词(adv.)
Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up.
最为重要的是,你必须努力学习,迎头赶上。
The senator was hard opposed by her rivals on the issue of social welfare.
那名参议员在社会福利问题上遭到对手强烈的反对。
Small businesses in particular were hit hard by the recession.
尤其是一些小企业在经济萧条中遭受了严重的打击。
You need to keep moving ahead hard and confidently.
你要坚定而充满信心地走下去。
权威例句
Hard and Soft Acids and BasesHard and soft acids and bases
Iterative hard thresholding for compressed sensing
Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions
Approximation Algorithms for NP-hard Problems
Approximation Algorithms for NP-Hard Problems
Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions.
ALPGEN, a generator for hard multiparton processes in hadronic collisions
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment
hard
hard: [OE] Hard comes ultimately from a prehistoric Indo-European *krátus, which denoted ‘power, strength’. This original meaning was carried over into Greek krátos ‘strength, power, authority’ (source of the ending -cracy in such English words as democracy and plutocracy), but the Germanic languages took it over mainly in the sense ‘resistant to physical pressure’.The prehistoric Germanic form *kharthuz produced, besides English hard, German hart, Dutch hard, Swedish hård, and Danish haard. The sense ‘difficult’, incidentally, developed in the 14th and 15th century from the notion ‘resistant to one’s efforts’. A Germanic derived verb *kharthjan ‘harden’ was borrowed into Old French as hardir ‘embolden’, and its past participle hardi ‘bold’ reached English as hardy [13].Its main modern sense, ‘robust, tough’, presumably a harking back to its distant English relative hard, developed in the 16th century.=> hardy
hard (adj.)
Old English heard "solid and firm, not soft," also, "difficult to endure, carried on with great exertion," also, of persons, "severe, rigorous, harsh, cruel," from Proto-Germanic *hardu- (cognates: Old Saxon hard, Old Frisian herd, Dutch hard, Old Norse harðr "hard," Old High German harto "extremely, very," German hart, Gothic hardus "hard"), from PIE *kortu- (cognates: Greek kratos "strength," kratys "strong"), suffixed form of root *kar-/*ker- "hard." Meaning "difficult to do" is from c. 1200. Of water, in reference to the presence of mineral salts, 1650s; of consonants, 1775. Hard of hearing preserves obsolete Middle English sense of "having difficulty in doing something." In the sense "strong, spiritous, fermented" from 1789 (as in hard cider, etc.), and this use probably is the origin of that in hard drugs (1955). Hard facts is from 1853; hard news in journalism is from 1918. Hard copy (as opposed to computer record) is from 1964; hard disk is from 1978; the computer hard drive is from 1983. Hard times "period of poverty" is from 1705. Hard money (1706) is specie, as opposed to paper. Hence 19c. U.S. hard (n.) "one who advocates the use of metallic money as the national currency" (1844). To play hard to get is from 1945. Hard rock as a pop music style recorded from 1967. To do something the hard way is from 1907.
hard (adv.)
Old English hearde "firmly, severely," from hard (adj.). Meaning "with effort or energy, with difficulty" is late 14c.
1. It would not be hard for the dialog box to hunt around and find ways to help.
对于对话框来说，找到合适的帮助方法不会很困难。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
2. Software should work hard to remember our habits and, particularly, everything that we say to it.
软件应该努力记住我们的工作习惯，特别是所有我们告诉过它的事。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
3. Admittedly, the possible combinations are powerful, but they are very hard to learn, hard to remember, and hard to use.
必须承认，这些可能的组合非常有用，但是它们难学、难记又难用。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
4. It’s as though the application wants approval for how hard it worked.
看起来有点像这个应用程序在宣布它在十分努力地工作，它想得到我们的认可。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
5. Search results are almost instantaneous because the operating system takes advantage of downtime to index the hard drive.
搜索结果几乎是同时出现的，因为系统利用了很多空闲时间来索引硬盘。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
6. They can be hard for newcomers to interpret, but then, they’re not for newcomers.
对于新手用户，它们可能难以理解，因其不是为新手准备的。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
7. How many users have seen what a naked hard drive looks like (far right)?
有多少用户见过裸露的硬盘驱动器是什么样子（最右边）？
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
8. With our Mechanical-Age mindset, we have a hard time seeing appropriate Information-Age representations—at first.
以我们机械时代的观念体系，一开始我们需要经历一个艰难的时期才能找到合适的信息时代表现方式。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
9. Programmers work hard to keep the number of instructions to a minimum, ensuring snappy performance for users.
程序员辛苦工作来保证指令数量的最小化，保证为用户提供精力充沛的表现。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
10. In the lower-left corner, the application tells us the number of free bytes and the total number of bytes on the disk. These numbers are hard to read and hard to interpret.
在左下角，应用程序告诉我们剩余空间的字节数和硬盘上总的空间大小，这些数字难以阅读和解释。
-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓
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