阅读理解 NEW YORK－About one fifth of US colleges and universities don’t require the standard entrance exams(升学考试), known as the Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT)(学业能力倾向测试)and American College Test(ACT), for many high school applicants(申请者)． Fair Test, a Cambridge, Massachusetts group that supports less trust on testing, said last week it counted 383 out of 1788 four-year schools that don’t want entrance exams at all． The last Fair Test count managed three years ago proved 280 schools that don’t require entrance tests．The total rose for two reasons：more colleges dropped the exams, and the others clarified(澄清)their admission rules． The Fair Test survey follows last month’s call from the University of California to end the SAT admission requirement．President Richard Atkinson wants students judged by what they have learned, not how they have scored． Last June, the elite(优秀人才)women’s school, Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, declared applicants no longer need submit(呈交)scores from the SAT test of reasoning． Some high schools also are questioning the role of admission tests．Still the exams aren’t going away．Even as some colleges give up entrance tests, others are using or replacing them．Some are giving scores less weight, asking instead for essays(论文), references and out-of-school activities． The non-profit(非赢利的)College Board, which owns the SAT, notes the majority of colleges and universities still demand a test score for applicants．The SAT and ACT were established decades ago by colleges and universities as a way of predicting(预告)a student’s success． Critics(批评家)have long attacked the test as unfair, mainly because whites tend to do better than other groups． | 
