D Ellen Swallow Richards was the first woman to earn a bachelor’s degree from Ma

D

Ellen Swallow Richards was the first womanto earn a bachelor’s degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Achemist, social activist, teacher, and first woman member of the Institute ofEngineering, she believed that housekeeping was a science. As a progressivethinker at the time, she thought that women needed to learn about money mattersand have up-to-date information on cleanliness and nutrition. She encouragedwomen from all backgrounds to get the best education possible.

Ellen was born in 1842 and was brought upin Massachusetts. A graduate of Vassar College in New York, she returned to NewEngland to attend MIT. After her marriage to Professor Robert Richards, sheworked in a laboratory at MIT, examining pollution of water sources inMassachusetts. Her work led to the creation of the first food-inspection (检验) laws of that state. She wasinstructor at MIT from 1884 until her death in 1911.

Like other progressive thinkers of thetime, Ellen was worried about problems of the poor and the effect of theenvironment on society. She considered the environment a key factor in qualityof life. Within the family, as in the world at large, science was chief intools used to help the poor. Science could help to manage money matters, keep ahome safe and clean, and improve quality of life. Food properly cooked could betasty, nutritious, and inexpensive. Better and cheaper food could protect thehealth and improve the lives of working-class families.

Ellen created the science of housekeeping,now called home economics, and elevated（提升）it to a serious college subject. She worked tirelessly as a nationalleader in developing standards, materials, and teacher training for this newfield. Her publications cover many subjects—from the chemistry of cooking andcleaning to the cost of living.

57. According to the text, Ellen__________.

A. provided new jobs for thepoor            B.helped to create new kinds of food

C. set up the field of homeeconomics         D. created the ideasof food-inspection laws

58. As a progressive thinker, Ellen__________.

A. suggested people cook their own meals athome

B. believed cheap food was better thanexpensive one

C. advised women to get the best educationpossible

D. considered money matters a key factor inquality of life

59. Ellen believed that __________.

A. poor families knew how to manage money

B. families were well informed about goodnutrition

C. cheaper food could not protect people’shealth

D. families spent much on food but were notwell nourished

60. One can infer that, as a result of theefforts of people such as Ellen, __________.

A. one may study home economics at auniversity for a career

B. the pollution of water sources is nolonger a problem

C. most people today learn to cook atschool

D. science does not help much within thefamily as in the world

试题答案

【答案】

57---60   CCDA

【解析】略