. We typically associate the word “science with a person in a white coat doing e

.

We typically associate the word “science”with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally,experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in thenatural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are atleast three reasons for this.

1．Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex realworld situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.

2．The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conductedmay make the behavior of the participants abnormal.

3．There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have anegative effect on the people who participate in them.

Faced with the above difficulties, what arehuman scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide theappropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something abouthow a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered braindamage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes andthe environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and broughtup in different families. In the case of economics, economic history canprovide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimentaldata.

However, human scientists do not just sitaround waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of someexperiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world.We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak. So itmight seem that all we can do is guess. People usually won’t change their minduntil it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longerthan at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window onto the developing mind. There was now a way of testing babies’ expectations andgetting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do thefollowing things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move togetherbeing aware of the difference between living and non-living things and evendoing simple arithmetic work.

60．What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciencesaccording to this passage?

A．Both human scientists and natural scientists can run controlledexperiments.

B．Experiments done by human scientists and natural scientists areartificial.

C．Both human and natural science experiments should be of the sameimportance.

D．It’s not moral to conduct human science experiments.

61．What do we know about human scientists from this passage?

A．They are white coat scientists.

B．They have more experimental sources than natural scientists.

C．They conduct experiments passively.

D．They face more difficulties in carrying out their research.

62．Which of the following experiments belongs to human scienceexperiment?

A．Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make. for a fun and easyscience experiment. Try creating a vinegar volcano.

B．Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test with this simpleexperiment that shows the

importance of your sense of smell.

C．Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm your lung volume bycompleting this experiment.

D．Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to make your own rainbow withthis cool experiment

that will teach kids how rainbows workwhile they enjoy a fun activity

63．What does the author tell us in this passage?

A．ABCs about the science experiment.

B．Some knowledge of science.

C．Some differences between the human sciences and the naturalsciences.

D．The similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.

试题答案

【答案】

60---63   CDCC

【解析】略