Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Me

Memory is the ability to keep track ofthings that have happened in the past. Memory really is learning. One needsmemory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain asa “memory trace（记忆痕）.” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believethat certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, onesubstance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with howthe brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a personremembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorizethe list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a personremembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This iscalled the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give theperson another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first listfrom the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able torecognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding howmuch a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to readover the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second timefaster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes torelearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person hasremembered.

One way of remembering something is torepeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts aremuch more difficult to remember than something that we understand and areinterested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important.Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learnshow to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting tolearn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that ananswer is correct is rewarding.

1.We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that___________       .

2.The way to pick out the items on thefirst list from the second is known as ________ .

3.What is considered as a measure of howmuch one has remembered?

4.A good way to train an animal to dosomething quickly is to ________.

试题答案

【答案】

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.C

【解析】文章向我们解释了记忆的原理。

1.细节题。根据第二段第2句Whatmakes up this trace is not known.可知B正确。

2.推理题。根据第三段第5行Givethe person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the firstlist from the items that are on only the second list.可知从第2个列表中把第一个列表中的物体挑出来称为再现。

3.细节题。根据文章第三段最后一句The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thoughtof as a measure of how much a person has remembered.

4.推理题。根据最后一段4,5行Forexample, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action getsthe animal food.可以推断训练动物做事情最好的方法就是用食物奖励。