Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significa

Decision-making can be extremelydifficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.

In any approachto a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan，the “you to you” approach.The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own pointof view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(冲突)situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with. The latter isbased on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view. Thus,the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduceconfrontation and achieve harmony.

Besides,Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人员) andoften does not consult middle management or the worker.However, in Japan great consideration is given tothe thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on “bottom-updirection”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through anorganization and have an effect on the final decision.

Difference indecision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese businessperson works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and willspend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach,communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above theWestern deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough intheir meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in manyJapanese businesses. But where the American is pressing for a specificdecision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.

On the otherhand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pacein which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to moveforward and Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后) behind as they takethe time for in-depth planning.

1. The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world         .

A. face great difficulty inmaking decisions 

B. are different indecision-making styles

C. have all members contribute toa decision  

D. have two approaches:“I to you” and “you to I”

2.Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?

A. They carryout the decision once it is made.

B. There are manymeetings in their businesses.

C. They work toachieve harmony in doing business.

D. They aregood at handling confrontation situation.

3.The author’s attitude towardsJapanese decision-making is         .

A.positive     B. critical    C.negative     D. casual(无所谓的）

试题答案

【答案】

ADA

【解析】略