In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In th
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In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
One type of test is sometimes called as“objective”test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
(1) Which of the following statements is true about the students in the Middle Ages?
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A．They took objective tests.
B．They specialized in one subject.
C．They were timed by electrical clocks.
D．They usually took spoken tests.
(2) The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ______.
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A．workers now take examinations
B．the population had grown rapidly
C．there are only written exams today
D．examinations are now written and timed
(3) Modern industry must have developed _______.
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A．before the Middle Ages
B．around the 19th century
C．in Greece or Rome
D．machines to take tests
(4) It may be concluded from the passage that testing _______.
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A．should test only opinions
B．should always be written
C．has changed since the Middle Ages
D．is given only in factories
试题答案
答案：D;D;B;C
解析：(1) 见文章第二段第一句，意为：在中世纪的欧洲大学里，攻读高级学位的学生们必须和在他们学习的领域作特殊研究的人讨论问题，故选D。 (2) 见第三段第一句，意为：但是，总的来说现代考试是笔试。第三段第五句：“A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers…”已知，故选D。 (3) 见文章第三段第二、三句，意为：笔试可能始于十九世纪，在这样的考试中学生们都被测试同样的问题，也许笔试是伴随着人口的剧增和现代工业的发展而产生的，故选B。 (4) 文章第一段大意为：在古代最重要的考试是口试，考试通常采用诗歌朗诵或发表演讲的方式，第二段第一句大意为：在中世纪的欧洲大学里，攻读高级学位的学生们通常要与其专业领域的研究人员讨论问题，由以上对比可见，古代考试要诗歌朗诵和演讲，而中世纪情况已发生了变化，故选C。 |