v.实施惩罚( sanction的过去式和过去分词 )；实施制裁； 双语释义：n.(名词)[U] 〈正〉批准,认可 formal or official permission; approval; acceptance[C] 〈正〉制裁 a formal action or punishment (to be) ordered when a law or rule is broken[S] 〈正〉约束力 sth that forces the keeping of a rule or standardv.