reference

英式音标：[ˈrefrəns]

美式音标：[ˈrɛfərəns, ˈrɛfrəns]

词语分类：CET4,TEM4,IELTS,考研,CET6

词汇分类：Sherlock Holmes 神探夏洛克 第一季,《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives) 全八季词频大全,这个男人来自地球 The Man From Earth,《星际迷航》the original Star Trek,The Interview 刺杀金正恩,老爸老妈的浪漫史(第一季)

概况：

n. 参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信；证明书

vi. 引用

vt. 引用

词义：

n.

参考；参考书；提及，涉及；证明人，介绍人

v.

引用；参照；

变形

复数：references过去式：referenced过去分词：referenced现在分词：referencing第三人称单数：references

双语释义

n.(名词)

[C][U]提及,涉及 (an example of) mentioning

[U]参考,查阅 (an example of) looking at sth for information

[C]引文; 参考书目 a piece of written information about sb's character, ability, etc. especially when they are looking for employment

[C]证明书; 证明人; 推荐信; 推荐人 a person who provides such information

[U]关联,关系 relation, correspondence (to)

英英释义

reference[ 'refərəns ]

n.

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

"the speaker made several references to his wife"

同义词：mention

a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage

同义词：citationciteacknowledgmentcreditmentionquotation

an indicator that orients you generally

"it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved"

同义词：reference pointpoint of reference

a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts

"he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic"

同义词：reference bookreference workbook of facts

a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability

"requests for character references are all to often answered evasively"

同义词：charactercharacter reference

the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to

同义词：denotationextension

the act of referring or consulting

"reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer"

同义词：consultation

a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to

"he carried an armful of references back to his desk"

同义词：source

the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to

"he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"

v.refer to

"he referenced his colleagues' work"

同义词：cite

用法：

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

contain〔give, provide〕 a reference包含〔提及,提供〕参考

cross reference(同一书或文件中的)相互参照

have a reference to和…有关

make a reference提及

形容词+～

constant〔further〕 reference经常〔进一步〕查阅

direct〔indirect〕 reference直接〔间接〕提到

future reference将来参考

good reference很好的推荐信

negative〔positive〕 reference否定〔肯定〕(某人)的证明书

passing reference稍稍涉及

excellent〔satisfactory〕 references有力〔令人满意〕的证明书

介词+～

for reference作参考

keep it for reference备作参考

in reference to that incident关于那件事

a frame of reference参照标准,准则

a list of references参考书目

load one's pages with references旁征博引

without reference to不管,不论,与…无关

without reference to age and sex不论男女老少

～+介词

reference to说到,提到,参考,查看

references to the opponents提到对手

reference to this point提及这一点

词组短语

for reference以供参考；备案

with reference to 关于（等于in reference to）

reference value参考值；标准值；参照值

in reference to关于

for your reference供您参考；供你方参考

reference service咨询服务；查阅服务

by reference通过引用

reference model参考模型

reference data参考数据；参照资料

without reference to不管；与…无关；没有提及

reference material参考资料；参考材料

reference frame参考系，参考坐标系

reference point参考点；控制点

reference book参考书；工具书

frame of reference[物]参照系；[数]坐标；参照标准

reference system[化]参考系

future reference备查

terms of reference受权调查范围

make reference参考；访问；查找；提及

reference room资料室；参考资料室；参考书阅览室

同近义词辨析

citation, quotations, reference

citation引用某人先前的说话

quotations照搬原文

reference参考

双语例句

用作名词(n.)

This book is for reference only.
这本书仅供参考。

This frame of reference will be determined by the limitations on the rational man's knowledge.
这个参照系统决定于理性人知识的限制。

Full reference citations are available on the readings page.
全部参考资料的出处可以在阅读资料那页找到。

Can we contact your references?
我可以与你的推荐人联系吗?

He has a good reference from his former employer.
他有以前老板提供的一份很好的推荐书。

用作动词(v.)

Paraphrasing is not direct quotation, but you still need to reference it.
意译不是直接引用

Each chapter is referenced in minute detail.
每一章后面都附有极为详尽的参考资料。

Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 1999.
每一章都附有参考资料，引用文献截止到1999年。

权威例句

The workflow reference model

CANOCO Reference Manual and Users Guide to Canoco for Windows

Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model

SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference.

Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts

IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference

Ability of commercial and reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect vancomycin resistance in enterococci.

Reporting Physosorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity, IUPAC

Ter Braak CJF, Šmilauer P. CANOCO Reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordinati...

Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recomme...

同义词：testimonial,relative to,quote,mention,involved with,involved in,excerpt,Concerned with,cite,bibliography,allusion,advertence

同根词：referral,referential,referent,referenced,referee,referable,refer

英语词源：

reference (n.)

1580s, "act of referring," from refer + -ance, or else from French référence, from Medieval Latin *referentia, from Latin referentem (nominative referens), present participle of referre (see refer). Meaning "direction to a book or passage" is recorded from 1610s. Meaning "testimonial" is from 1895. Reference book dates from 1808. Phrase in reference to is attested from 1590s.

reference (v.)

1620s, "to assign;" as "to provide with a reference," 1837 (implied in referenced), from reference (n.). Related: Referencing.

造句：

1. Perpetual intermediates know how to use reference materials. They are motivated to dig deeper and learn, as long as they don’t have to tackle too much at once.

永久的中间用户知道如何使用参考资料，只要不是必须一次解决所有问题，他们就有深入学习和研究的动机。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

2. In the same way that sailors navigate by reference to shorelines or stars, users navigate by reference to persistent objects placed in a user interface.

就像航海员参考海岸线或者星星来导航，用户参考界面上的持久对象来导航。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

3. Online help is just like printed documentation, a reference tool for perpetual intermediates.

在线帮助就像是打印的文档，为永久的中间用户提供参考工具。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

4. But the software should help users understand this very unintuitive action. The Start menu could, for example, make some reference to the already running application.

但是软件应该让人们理解这种很不直观的行为，在本例中，“开始”菜单应该指出这个应用已经在运行了。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

5. Often, the meeting is recorded on audio or video media for later reference.

通常这种会议会以视频或者音频形式记录下来，供以后查阅。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

6. Infrequently updated sites may be used more for occasional reference (assuming that the information is not too topical) rather than for heavy repeat use and should thus be given more of a transient stance than a sovereign one.

偶尔才更新的网站则更多地用来做偶尔的查询（假设其中的信息并不是事实热点话题），而较少用来作为经常性的重复使用。 因此应该处于一种暂时姿态，而不是独占姿态。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

7. A digital camera provides a quick and easy means to capture ideas for later reference.

此外还可以用数码相机来轻松并快速地捕捉想法，供日后参考。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

8. We’ll talk more about help in Chapter 25, but its primary utility is as a reference, and beginners don’t need reference information; they need overview information, such as a guided tour.

我们在第25章中会谈到更多的帮助问题，帮助的主要功能是为用户提供参考。 新手不需要参考信息，他们需要概括性的信息，比如说一次全局的界面导游。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

9. We use a baby name book as a reference tool in creating persona names. You can also, at this time, add in some demographic information such as age, geographic location, relative income (if appropriate), and job title.

我们使用为婴儿起名的书来帮助创建人物角色名字，这时你也能够添加一些统计信息，诸如年龄、地理位置、相对收入（如果需要的话）及职业头衔。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

10. Sites used for infrequent reference might be bookmarked by users: You should make it possible for them to bookmark any page of information so that they can reliably return to it at any later time.

偶尔才会查询或者参考的网站通常可能会被使用者添加到浏览器的收藏夹中，因此你应该保证任意一个页面都可以被收藏，这样才能保证使用者在日后可以重新访问到这个页面。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓